#Components of Electronic Petrol Injection

[4x4enginespecialists]

Can the Range Rover 3.0 Engine Be Tuned or Upgraded for More Power?

The Range Rover 3.0 engine, especially in its Ingenium straight-six configuration, is renowned for blending performance, efficiency, and refinement. While it provides impressive power straight from the factory, many owners and enthusiasts are curious about how much more performance they can extract from this luxury SUV engine. With tuning, bolt-on upgrades, and engine remapping, the Range Rover 3.0 engines has potential for significantly enhanced performance. Tuning can optimize engine parameters such as fuel delivery, air intake, and turbo boost, while hardware upgrades improve airflow and cooling. This is where many turn to options like ECU remapping or performance chips. At the same time, those who own reconditioned engines may wonder whether tuning is still viable and safe. We’ll explore various performance enhancements available for the 3.0L Range Rover engine and what to consider before modifying. Whether you're aiming for more horsepower, torque, or efficiency, this article will provide a clear roadmap for boosting performance while maintaining the integrity of your vehicle. It also serves as a guide for those upgrading a reconditioned Range Rover engine, showing what’s safe and effective.

Overview of the Range Rover 3.0 Engine: Factory Performance and Technology

The 3.0L Range Rover engine is available in several variations, including the mild-hybrid Ingenium inline-six petrol and diesel variants. It incorporates advanced features like a twin-scroll turbocharger, variable valve timing, and an electric supercharger in certain versions. These innovations deliver up to 395 horsepower in the petrol version and 350 horsepower in the diesel, offering solid power and smooth delivery. In its stock form, the Range Rover 3.0 engine provides a seamless driving experience, with ample low-end torque for off-road needs and high-end power for motorway cruising. Despite its capabilities, many owners feel there's more to be unlocked, especially since manufacturers often tune engines conservatively to meet emissions and reliability standards. This factory setup offers a strong foundation for tuning and modification. It features robust internal components and modern electronics that can be modified with the right tools and expertise. For those using reconditioned engines, the factory-like quality of modern rebuilds ensures these upgrades are still possible—provided they're done carefully and within the engine's limits.

ECU Remapping: The First Step Toward More Power

One of the most accessible and effective upgrades for the Range Rover 3.0 engine is ECU remapping, also known as a software tune. The engine control unit (ECU) is the brain of the car and controls fuel injection, turbo pressure, timing, and more. By modifying this software, tuners can unlock hidden power. A typical remap for the 3.0L diesel engine can add 30 to 60 horsepower and up to 100Nm of torque. Petrol versions can see even greater gains. Importantly, ECU remapping can also enhance throttle response and fuel economy when done correctly. However, tuning must be done by reputable professionals to avoid long-term damage or reliability issues. For owners using reconditioned engines, it's essential to ensure that the rebuild has used OEM or equivalent quality components. Poor-quality rebuilds might not withstand the increased stress from tuning. Always verify with the engine supplier whether the engine is tuning-compatible and maintain adequate cooling and lubrication after upgrades.

Turbocharger Upgrades: Boosting Performance Further

Turbocharging plays a crucial role in the performance of the Range Rover engine, especially in its 3.0L configuration. The stock turbocharger is built for a balance of performance and reliability, but it can be a limiting factor when seeking significant horsepower gains. Upgrading the turbo allows for increased airflow, which translates directly to more power. High-performance turbos designed specifically for the Ingenium engine can significantly increase boost levels without compromising drivability. However, this upgrade often requires supporting modifications such as intercooler improvements, custom exhaust systems, and precise tuning. If you’re upgrading a reconditioned engine, it’s even more critical to ensure that internal components like pistons and crankshafts are strong enough to handle higher boost pressures. Reputable reconditioned engine suppliers should offer engines that meet or exceed OEM specifications, making them suitable for moderate turbo upgrades. Remember, pushing the turbo too far without proper supporting mods can shorten engine life and increase the risk of failure—so any upgrades must be approached holistically.

Upgrading the Air Intake and Exhaust Systems

One of the easiest and most cost-effective ways to boost power on the Range Rover 3.0 engine is by improving the airflow through the engine. The stock air intake and exhaust systems are often restrictive, especially under heavy loads or at high RPMs. Upgrading to a high-flow air intake system can improve the engine’s breathing, while a performance exhaust reduces back pressure. Cold air intakes increase the density of air entering the engine, which enhances combustion efficiency. Pairing this with a cat-back or turbo-back performance exhaust improves exhaust flow, resulting in quicker turbo spool times and increased power. For those running reconditioned engines, make sure your new engine is properly broken in before adding airflow modifications. These components are generally low-risk and can safely complement more complex upgrades like ECU tuning or turbo enhancements. Such upgrades not only increase horsepower and torque but also improve engine responsiveness and even fuel economy in some cases, making them an essential part of any tuning project.

Intercooler and Cooling System Enhancements

As more power is extracted from the Range Rover engine, heat becomes a major concern. The intercooler, responsible for cooling the air from the turbocharger before it enters the engine, plays a vital role in maintaining performance and preventing detonation. Upgrading to a larger, more efficient intercooler allows cooler, denser air into the engine, increasing power and reliability. Similarly, upgrading the radiator, oil cooler, or adding additional cooling fans helps dissipate extra heat generated during high-performance driving or towing. These cooling upgrades are especially important when tuning a reconditioned engine to ensure longevity and thermal stability. Reconditioned engines might already come with new or uprated cooling components, but always verify the condition of auxiliary parts like water pumps and thermostats. An overheated engine—new or reconditioned—is at significant risk for damage. Enhanced cooling supports more aggressive tuning without compromising reliability, making it a must-have for serious performance upgrades.

Transmission and Drivetrain Considerations

Increasing the power of the 3.0L Range Rover engine also puts added strain on the transmission and drivetrain components. While the ZF 8-speed automatic transmission used in many Range Rovers is robust, it has its limits. It's critical to ensure that the gearbox is maintained properly and, in some cases, recalibrated to handle increased torque output. Performance transmission tunes can improve shift response and holding power. Upgraded torque converters and transmission coolers are also worth considering for high-performance builds. Differential upgrades and stronger driveshafts may be required for off-road enthusiasts or heavy towing applications. For reconditioned engines, ensure that the powertrain is matched well. Rebuilding or upgrading the transmission at the same time can prevent future issues and provide a balanced setup. A well-tuned engine is only as good as the drivetrain it’s connected to. Keeping the entire power delivery system in mind ensures reliability and a smoother performance experience when tuning the Range Rover 3.0 engine.

Tuning Reconditioned Engines: Safety and Compatibility

Tuning a reconditioned Range Rover engine can be safe and effective—if done with care. Modern reconditioning techniques involve machining, pressure testing, and replacing worn components with OEM or better alternatives. A professionally reconditioned engine should perform similarly to a new one, making it suitable for tuning and performance upgrades. However, some key steps must be followed. First, complete the break-in process before applying performance modifications. Second, consult with the engine supplier to confirm that the internals are strong enough to handle additional power. Finally, always use high-quality fluids and cooling systems. When tuning a reconditioned engine, avoid overly aggressive modifications that might push components beyond their tolerances. Mild to moderate upgrades like remapping, intake, and exhaust enhancements are generally safe and offer noticeable gains without sacrificing longevity. The reconditioning process itself can be an opportunity to strengthen the engine with forged parts, performance gaskets, and other enhancements—ideal for a future-proof tuning project.

Legal, Warranty, and Insurance Implications of Engine Tuning

While tuning your Range Rover engine for more power is exciting, there are legal and financial factors to consider. In many regions, tuning may affect emissions compliance, making it illegal for road use if not properly certified. Always ensure modifications meet local laws, especially regarding exhaust and ECU remapping. Tuning can also void warranties—whether it's a manufacturer’s warranty or a warranty provided with reconditioned engines. Always check the terms before proceeding with any modifications. Insurance premiums may increase if your vehicle is modified for performance. It’s important to disclose any changes to your insurance provider to remain protected. Some specialized insurers cater to modified vehicles and may offer better rates. Finally, if you're planning to sell your vehicle, heavily modified Range Rovers may appeal to a niche audience but could deter average buyers. Keeping documentation of all tuning work and choosing reversible upgrades can help maintain resale value. Understanding the full scope of legal and financial impacts helps you tune responsibly and avoid costly surprises down the road. Read the full article

[europeanmotorcars]

Recognize the Signs of a Bad Fuel Injector in Mercedes-Benz by Las Vegas Mechanic

The fuel injectors are characterized to be an engine management component that can deliver fuel to the combustion chamber and ensure that the fuel is injected at the right time of right amount for smooth and efficient combustion. It is splashing fuel into the engine by utilizing electronically controlled valves.

For optimum combustion, the atomizing nozzle of the fuel injectors is distributing petrol or diesel evenly to the engine. In a Mercedes-Benz, each cylinder has one fuel injector means if you are driving a vehicle with 4 cylinders then it has 4 fuel injectors.

By regular maintenance, one can shield the fuel injectors from extreme damages.

How did the fuel injectors work?

The fuel injector is a part of the fuel system in your Mercedes-Benz that is controlled by the engine computers for splashing the right amount of fuel in specific patterns to optimize the engine performance. In the following ways, the fuel injectors are functioning in a Mercedes-Benz.

At the initial phase, the fuel pump is pushing the proper amount of fuel to the injectors through the fuel lines.

By using the sensors, the engine control unit is firing the injectors at the right time and spray the fuel into the combustion chamber appropriately.

When the ECU is activating the injectors, the fuel is spraying into the combustion chamber through the nozzles to burn it more efficiently.

Thus, the fuel injectors are streamlining your ride and help you to enjoy carefree cruising. However, a small problem inside the fuel injectors may affect the engine performance and even make your Mercedes-Benz undrivable.

Signs of bad fuel injector

When the fuel injectors of your Mercedes-Benz are clogged with outside dirt and debris and have mechanical and electrical issues, then it will cause severe engine breakdowns. The following points define the signs of bad fuel injectors in your vehicle.

Rough idling

In general, the clogged fuel injector will cause rough idling issues in your vehicle with an unpleasant noise. When the fuel injectors don't atomize and spraying the right amount of fuel to the engine due to the development of particles on the injector nozzles, then you’re driving feels rougher and changed the idle noise.

On the other hand, the rough idling is accompanied by engine stalling and a sudden decrease in revolution per minute as well as makes the vehicle falter and shake when you are sitting in traffic. Thus, the rough idling issues are arising in your vehicle due to other reasons, so examine it for finding the genuine causes behind it.

Fuel leaks

If the fuel injectors of your vehicle are old, worn out, and kept up improperly, you will notice fuel leaks. Subsequently, fuel leaks happen when one injector meets the other. Through the proper inspection of the fuel injector, you will easily determine the fuel leaks by observing the bad odor of the fuel inside the vehicle while driving.

Subsequently, when the injectors are holding high pressure, over time it will cause fluid leaks at the nozzle or seal which is situated at the top of the injector. Moreover, the seal is leaking fuel at the base of the injector and the injector is leaking fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine might affect its performance and fuel efficiency.

Engine misfiring

When your vehicle has a broken fuel injector due to the clog or blockage in the nozzle, you will notice engine misfiring and delay acceleration when you step on the gas pedal. As a result, the engine feels sputtering and causes vibrations inside the vehicle.

If the functions of the fuel injector are interrupted, then it will unable to convey the right amount of fuel required by the ECU for the proper mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber. Over time, it may lead to misfiring, loss of power, diminish fuel mileage, and cause engine stalling.

Illuminated check engine light

Thus, the activated check engine light is the common indication of the failed fuel injector in your Mercedes-Benz. When the injector is delivering too much or too little fuel to the engine, the ECU will determine the fluctuation of fuel injection to the engine through the sensors and triggers the check engine light.

If any of the fuel injectors are dirty or malfunctioning, then it will indicate a problem within the fuel injection system. It may cause several problems including electrical problems, misfiring, and activate the check engine light on the dashboard to alert the driver about the damages. So, it's always advisable to consult a mechanic for determining the causes behind it.

Conclusion

For maintaining the overall operation and drivability of the Mercedes-Benz, you have to keep the fuel injectors in the best possible conditions. If your vehicle is showing any of the above signs while driving it on the road of Las Vegas, then consult with a reputed mechanic to inspect the vehicle and repair or replace it if necessary.

[ecocel]

EcoCel Reviews – Real EcoCel Results or Fake Customer Reviews?

EcoCel is really a system which reduces your own car or truck's fuel consumption up to 55 percent. Can EcoCel work? How can EcoCel work? Continue reading to discover whatever that you want to learn concerning EcoCel and its own effects.

What's EcoCel?

EcoCel can be really a fuel efficacy apparatus sold exclusively on the state site . The system asserts to decrease the fuel consumption of vehicles as much as 55 percent. Simply install Ecocel Buy into your car or truck, then reduce gas consumption without even changing your driving habits.  

Other vehicle efficacy apparatus plug to a obd ii port, a little port into the low left of your tyre.

Now, everyone can purchase the apparatus on line. After installing these devices into your automobile, it monitors your driving customs for about 150 miles. Afterward, EcoCel makes subtle alterations to a own vehicle's power draw, supposedly fostering fuel efficiency by 20 percent to 55 percent.

  Just how Can EcoCel Work?

The manufacturers of Ecocel Buy are convinced their apparatus works as promoted to not merely improve fuel efficiency but lower emissions and enhance horsepower.

The manufacturers of Ecocel Buy assert the device May Lead for the following advantages:

Saves cash at the petrol pump

Boosts the fuel efficiency of Your Car or Truck by 20 percent to 55 percent

Easy Plugandplay installation

Works in almost any vehicle with an additional power outlet (a Cigarette-lighter )

Allergic emissions

Improves horsepower

The apparatus is intended to become as easy as you can use. Rather than altering your vehicle's electronic equipment or changing your driving habits, then you only plug EcoCel in your cigarette lighter, and allow these devices run.

EcoCel can not do the job instantly. You want to operate a vehicle for approximately 150 kilometers with EcoCel on your auxiliary power socket.

Accordingto customer reviews on the state site, 1 individual improved the fuel efficiency of the 1-2 +-yearold vehicle from 3-5 into 47mpg after installing EcoCel.

What Exactly Does EcoCel Do?

The manufacturers of EcoCel provide limited details in what EcoCel will to a motor vehicle. Similar apparatus use your obd ii port to subtly correct the way your car or truck employs power. The manufacturers of EcoCel create similar claims in their apparatus, even though the web site doesn't have any information concerning the tech supporting EcoCel, exactly what it's to a vehicle throughout your auxiliary power socket, and the way that it corrects your car or truck's behaviour at all.

Other cigarette-lighter automobile optimisation techniques adapt the power draw of one's car or truck.

Your car or truck's obd ii interface is on the computer in your vehicle. Every vehicle produced within the previous 30 years comes with an obd ii port. Once you would like to tune your automobile, you also use your obd ii port.

Your automobile's auxiliary power socket, nevertheless, is only an electric socket. It uses your automobile battery to give power for your motor vehicle. You're able to control a smartphone run a electricity cable from the auxiliary power socket. It's potential that this additional power socket links to your computer or processor inside your car or truck. But it shouldn't work to be an obd ii port.

After installing Ecocel Buy on your power socket, the lighting onto the system works. Beyond this, nevertheless, it's uncertain what the apparatus does. The manufacturers of EcoCel assert it monitors your driving customs more than 150 kilometers and leaves subtle alterations to a own vehicle's power draw. Nevertheless, the manufacturers of EcoCel do not explain just how the gadget monitors mileage throughout the power socket.

Inspite of the dearth of signs, the manufacturers of Ecocel Buy assert their product was featured in major websites such as Lifehacker, Wired, automobile and Driver, and Popular Mechanics. We achieved to those sockets and discovered no signs of any guide, feature, or even narrative covering EcoCel.

Inspite of the dearth of signs, the manufacturers of Ecocel Buy insist that their apparatus increases fuel efficiency with at a minimum of 20 per cent and no more than 55 percent on almost any motor vehicle.

It's correct you could maximize fuel efficiency during your car's cigarette lighter. Cigarette-lighter automobile optimisation apparatus are sold on the web for more than ten decades ago

But most devices can't maximize fuel efficiency by 55 percent. The 20% minimum promoted about the Ecocel Buy internet site appears unrealistic.

Here is how Cigarette-lighter vehicle optimization apparatus operate:

To stabilize the electric present, apparatus such as Ecocel Reviews supposedly mitigate electric interference against the stereo, lighting, Air-conditioning, along with other regions; electric interference from these areas can adversely affect the ECU's capability to maximize fuel efficiency and gas injection

Other cigarette-lighter vehicle optimization apparatus sold on the web have promoted fuel-efficiency boosts up to 18 percent. But, EcoCel blasts out these claims out from their water, asserting users may improve fuel efficiency by 20 percent to 55 percent after installing EcoCel.

The manufacturers of EcoCel even assert their apparatus improves horsepower and enhances emissions -- something which many additional automobile optimisation apparatus do not assert to accomplish.

That sounds good -- but there isn't any signs which EcoCel and also other cigarette-lighter vehicle optimization methods act as advertised. Contemporary vehicles are highly efficient. Electric disturbance doesn't substantially decrease fuel efficiency, also there isn't any signs you are able to improve fuel efficiency by correcting the electric current of one's car or truck via your cigarette lighter.

In general, we're doubtful EcoCel has some affect fuel efficiency, fuel useage, or auto functionality as promoted about the EcoCel earnings page.

As stated by the EcoCel internet site, drivers can enhance their automobile efficiency by 20 percent to 55 percent after installing EcoCel. The site also asserts that you are able to lower emissions and enhance horsepower.

The manufacturers of EcoCel do not clarify the way the gadget works or what it really does to your motor vehicle. The business also doesn't supply some evaluations, evaluations, or studies demonstrating it works as advertised.

It's uncertain whether the manufacturers of Ecocel Reviews have analyzed the apparatus onto almost any vehicles to verify that it works. But they seem optimistic it enhances the efficacy of most sorts of vehicles.

1 customer offered around the EcoCel earnings page asserts he increased fuel efficiency out of 3-5 into 47mpg after installing EcoCel. Nevertheless, the web site provides no additional facts about mpg progress.

In general, there is limited advice on the web demonstrating EcoCel works as promoted.

EcoCel Reviews: Just What Do Clients Have To Say?

Broadly speaking, clients have good stuff to say concerning EcoCel. Most clients agree it works as promoted to greatly improve fuel efficiency. Folks claim to possess raised fuel efficiency to sets from petrol guzzlers to smaller cars.

Because EcoCel can be actually a brand new apparatus, you can find just a few reviews out the state site. Here Are Just Some of the testimonials on EcoCel from the State site:

1 individual asserts his 2009 Honda-Accord had a normal mpg of approximately 3-5. He required to enhance that, therefore he also installed EcoCel. That man maintains he left no additional improvements to his car or truck. He assessed the pressure from his tires, but he failed to assert to switch the pressure of his own tires. To put it differently, EcoCel alone improved his fuel-efficiency out of 3-5 into 47mpg.

1 mechanic mentioned about the EcoCel earnings page asserts Ecocel Reviews works as promoted to enhance the overall fuel efficiency of vehicles. He asserts EcoCel works"by accentuating his car's fuel strategy," allowing drivers to"simply pay to the fuel that you have."

Yet another woman clarifies EcoCel whilst the very best purchase she made, asserting she conserves countless at the pump annually after refueling her"gas guzzler."

1 man asserts EcoCel is still an effortless solution to conserve money at the pump. He asserts you might simply take your vehicle into a mechanic to get a tuneup, however EcoCel will enable one to accomplish a higher degree of fuel optimisation than you'd get with a mechanic tuneup.

EcoCel prices

EcoCel is priced approximately $40 each unit, together with discounts available if ordering multiple components.

Here is how pricing Reduces if purchased by the State Site:

The business asserts this warranty protects your gadget for a couple of decades, however in addition they assert it"means that your product is protected for lifetime " It's uncertain whether or not it's really a two-year warranty or even a life warranty.

The business also asserts it requires upto 2-9 days to send your own Ecocel Reviews.

The manufacturers of Ecocel Reviews usually do not disclose their own refund policy upfront. Nevertheless, the Provider claims to provide some Kinds of refunds over 30 days:

Nevertheless, the organization claims it requires 2-9 days to send Ecocel Buy to a speech. In the event the 30day re-fund window starts your day you order your own EcoCel, then you're going to not be able acquire a refund.

In general, EcoCel seemingly has a remarkably strict refund policy in contrast to additional automobile optimisation apparatus sold on the web today.

Around EcoCel

The manufacturers of EcoCel provide limited details regarding themselves, their own manufacturing location, or even so their own team. But you can contact the manufacturers of EcoCel through the next:

EcoCel Buy is actually a vehicle optimization apparatus sold on the web. The system asserts to improve the overall fuel efficiency of your vehicle using at least of 20 per cent and no more than 55 percent.

1 customer mentioned on the state internet site claims to have increased fuel efficiency out of 3-5 into 47mpg after installing EcoCel. The manufacturers of EcoCel additionally assert their apparatus was featured in Auto and Driver, Popular Mechanics, along with other big media.

There isn't any evidence anybody has improved fuel efficiency by 55 percent after installing Ecocel Buy, and also the refund policy looks remarkably strict in contrast to other services and products sold on the web now (you have thirty days to reunite Ecocel Buy nevertheless the item carries 2-9 weeks to send ). There is no signs EcoCel was featured in major science or automotive outlets.

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[mechanicalstudents-blog]

Petrol Injection System PDF:Types, Mechanical Petrol Injection, Electronic Petrol Injection,Adv,Disadv

Petrol Injection System-Types, Mechanical Petrol Injection, Electronic Petrol Injection Method:Petrol Injection was came into picture because of the drawbacks of carburettor.It is difficult for a single carburettor to ensure uniformity of mixture to all the cylinders in a Multi-cylinder engine.

By this, some cylinders may get a weaker mixture whereas the other cylinders get a richer mixture then…

[qualitativemarketanalysis]

Qualities the Best People in the Global Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) System Market Industry Tend to Have

Gasoline direct injection system (GDI) is also referred as petrol direct injection or spark ignited direct injection installed in two-stroke & four-stroke engines. This system directly injects the fuel in the combustion chamber of the engine. The use of gasoline direct injection (GDI) system helps in increasing engine efficiency & output as well as to reduce exhaust emission due to this fact this system is widely used in vehicles which increase demand for the gasoline direct system direct injection (GDI) system market growth.

 The Global Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) System Market report has explored some key dynamics which have a solid influence during this forecast period. This report studied the market trends, value trends, volume trends, and the pricing history of the market.  Also, report covers different market driving factors, restraining factors, and opportunities to gain an insightful understanding of the market.

 Get Free Sample Copy of This Report @ https://qualiketresearch.com/request-sample/Gasoline-Direct-Injection-GDI-System-Market/request-sample

  Market key Players

Some key operating players are listed in this report such as Robert Bosch GmbH, Magneti Marelli S.p.A, Delphi Automotive LLP., Eaton, Continental AG, DENSO CORPORATION, Stanadyne LLC, Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd., Keihin Corporation, and TI Automotive, etc.

 Market Taxonomy

By Component

Fuel injectors

Fuel Pumps

Sensors

Electronic Control Units

Others

By Vehicle Type

Passenger Cars

Commercial Vehicles

By Region

North America

Latin America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Middle East & Africa

 Get full Study @ https://qualiketresearch.com/reports-details/Gasoline-Direct-Injection-GDI-System-Market

  About Us

 QualiKet Research is a leading Market Research and Competitive Intelligence partner helping leaders across the world to develop robust strategy and stay ahead for evolution by providing actionable insights about ever changing market scenario, competition and customers. QualiKet Research is dedicated to enhancing the ability of faster decision making by providing timely and scalable intelligence. We use different intelligence tools to come up with evidence that showcases the threats and opportunities which helps our clients outperform their competition. 

[latestanalysis]

Global Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) System Market Research Report Based on Technology Advancement, Application and Outlook Analysis Report 2021 to 2027

Global Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) System Market

Gasoline direct injection system (GDI) is also referred as petrol direct injection or spark ignited direct injection installed in two-stroke & four-stroke engines. This system directly injects the fuel in the combustion chamber of the engine. The use of gasoline direct injection (GDI) system helps in increasing engine efficiency & output as well as to reduce exhaust emission due to this fact this system is widely used in vehicles which increase demand for the gasoline direct system direct injection (GDI) system market growth.

Get Sample Copy of this Report @ https://qualiketresearch.com/request-sample/Gasoline-Direct-Injection-GDI-System-Market/request-sample

Market Drivers

The increase in motorized mobility along with customer preferences for fuel efficient vehicles which is expected to boost the global gasoline direct injection (GDI) system growth over the forecast period. The increase in demand for reducing pollution levels associated with greenhouse gases & improving the air quality are fuelling the adoption of vehicles with advanced fuel injection systems will positively influence the market growth. The GDI system market is anticipated to witness high growth during the forecast period due to advantages like improved engine performance & thermal efficiency coupled with significant reduction in fuel emission is expected to support the target market during this forecast period. The increase in inclination of manufacturers towards engine downsizing & vehicle efficiency will elevate the market growth. Passenger cars & commercial vehicles are the main adopters of this technology & collectively consume the revenue share of gasoline direct injection (GDI) system market growth.

Market Restraints

High cost of GDI system as compared with port fuel injection which is expected to hamper the global gasoline direct injection (GDI) system market growth during this forecast timeline.

Market Segmentation

The Global Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) System Market is segmented into component such as Fuel injectors, Fuel Pumps, Sensors, Electronic Control Units, and Others. Further, market is segmented into vehicle type such as Passenger Cars, and Commercial Vehicles.

Also, the Global Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) System Market is segmented into five regions such as North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa.

Market key Players

Some key operating players are listed in this report such as Robert Bosch GmbH, Magneti Marelli S.p.A, Delphi Automotive LLP., Eaton, Continental AG, DENSO CORPORATION, Stanadyne LLC, Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd., Keihin Corporation, and TI Automotive, etc.

Market Taxonomy

By Component

Fuel injectors

Fuel Pumps

Sensors

Electronic Control Units

Others

By Vehicle Type

Passenger Cars

Commercial Vehicles

By Region

North America

Latin America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Middle East & Africa

About Us

QualiKet Research is a leading Market Research and Competitive Intelligence partner helping leaders across the world to develop robust strategy and stay ahead for evolution by providing actionable insights about ever changing market scenario, competition and customers. QualiKet Research is dedicated to enhancing the ability of faster decision making by providing timely and scalable intelligence. We use different intelligence tools to come up with evidence that showcases the threats and opportunities which helps our clients outperform their competition.

Browse Full Research Report @ https://qualiketresearch.com/reports-details/Gasoline-Direct-Injection-GDI-System-Market

[nervousangeltyphoon]

Brief on Features and Applications of Solvent Dyes, and The Chemistry of Pigments

The selection of solvent for preparing a working electrode (and to act as the electrolyte) is known to influence the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. In this topical review, results taken from a systematic study are presented from the authors’ own lab examining how protic and aprotic solvents, as well as solvent polarity, affect adsorption of carboxylic dyes on the titanium dioxide nanoparticle surface and electron injection from the dye to the semiconductor. Adsorption of dye molecules on nanoparticle surfaces is measured through second harmonic light scattering and electron injection through ultrafast transient mid-infrared absorption. It is revealed that protic solvents do not allow direct adsorption of the dye onto the semiconductor surface, due to hydrogen bonding with the dye and competitive binding to the semiconductor surface. Aprotic solvents, on the other hand, support solvation of the dye molecules but also facilitate dye adsorption on the semiconductor nanoparticle. Among aprotic solvents, it is found that solvents with higher polarity result in larger adsorption free energy for the dye and faster electron injection. Overall, these studies reveal that aprotic solvents with high solvent polarity (such as acetonitrile) yield more efficient solar cell devices.

The world of dyes and pigments is vast and there are innumerable varieties of these colorants to fulfill the requirements of varied industrial and commercial sectors. Acid dyes, basic dyes, solvent dyes, lake colors, pigment colors are just to name a few from the vast ocean of colors. This article will talk in brief about the solvent dye.

Solvent dye is a dye that is soluble in plastics or organic solvents. When it goes with an organic solvent the dyeing process occurs in a solution. As the molecules of solvent dyes have a very small polarity or none at all there is no ionization involved in the dyeing process as it does, say, with acid dyes. Solvent dyes are normally water insoluble. One commonly used organic solvent with solvent dyes that is non-polar is petrol.

As for the naming of solvent dyes a standardized pattern is followed. In the pattern, the first word is always ‘solvent’ which is followed by the dye color and then a distinguishing number. For example, the varied shades of red are segregated by the distinct number that comes after the shade name like ‘Solvent Red 49’, ‘Solvent Red 1’, and ‘Solvent Red 24’ and so on.  Another example of the shade red occurring in another type of dye is Pigment Red 48 which is an azo derivative from naphthalene.

Solvent dyes are pretty versatile and have found their way into a number of applications. One of their common uses is in the automotive sector to impart color to petrol fuel and other lubricants. Varied hydrocarbon based non-polar materials such as waxes and candles, coatings and wood stains are colored with the aid of solvent dyes. In the printing industry they go towards marking inkjet inks, inks and glass coloration. Textile printing is followed by the media industry where the solvent dyes are used for magazines and newspapers.

Dyeing of plastics is another application which uses solvent dyes because of its chemical compatibility. In the plastics industry these dyes lend color to a number of solid materials like nylon, acetates, polyester, PVC, acrylics, PETP, PMMA, styrene monomers, polystyrene and other fiber. They are also increasingly being used for smoke signaling in the pyrotechnics industry. A mention has to be made of its application in scientific research and medical diagnostics. Here, the solvent dye is used as an important component to produce stains that help in identification of varied components in a cell structure.

There are several advantages offered by solvent dyes that have led to its wide use in varied applications. Color shade consistency, superior light fastness, resistance to migration, good thermal stability, extremely dissolvable in plastics and lack of precipitation even after extensive storage are just to name some of its superior attributes.

However, sourcing solvent dyes from reputed solvent dyes manufacturers is highly important. This guarantees you the quality of the product and its effectiveness in the application it shall be used for. There are several reputed manufactures of these dyes and the names can be easily obtained from the online yellow pages.

At the heart of every drop of paint, every thread of cloth, every bit of your brightly colored phone case is a pigment. Pigments are the compounds added to materials to give them color. This deceptively simple application has shaped our perception of the world via art, fashion, and even computer displays and medicine. Pigments are used in paints, inks, plastic applications, fabrics, cosmetics, and food.

Some of the earliest chemistry was to make and isolate pigments for paints, and pigment conservation is a focus for many modern researchers who identify and preserve artwork.

Get to know pigments

But what is a organic pigment, exactly? Pigments are brightly colored, insoluble powders (brightly colored liquids are called dyes). In most cases, the bright color is a result of the material absorbing light in the visible spectrum. In inorganic pigments, this absorption is the result of charge transfer between a metal (transition metals are really good at this); organic pigments tend to have conjugated double bonds that absorb visible wavelengths.

Pigments are mixed with binders to attach them to a substrate. The resulting suspension—a paint—is used to coat materials and impart color onto them. In industry, there are three pigment classes: absorption pigments (used in watercolor paints), metal effect pigments (used to create surface luster), and pearlescent pigments.

Pigments are found in nature, such as ochre (a blend of iron oxides and hydroxides) and indigo (C16H10N2O2). They can also be synthetic pigments such as mauve (an aniline derivative) or white lead. White lead, one of the earliest synthetic pigments, is made by treating sheets of lead with vinegar. They are often more robust than dyes, which dissolve in the material they are coloring. Pigments can keep their color for many centuries and withstand high heat, intense light, and exposure to weather or chemical agents.  

Cataloging colors

Because of their prominence in art, pigments have an important place in history. The Forbes Pigment Collection, housed in the Straus Center for Conservation and Technical Studies at the Harvard Art Museums, catalogs and preserves more than 2,500 pigments. Its founder, Edward Forbes, started the collection by gathering pigment samples from his travels all over the world, including colors like mummy brown, made from ground-up mummies, and carmine red (C22H15AlCaO13), obtained from cochineal insects.

The Forbes Pigment Collection is often used as a reference library to standardize colors and identify pigment samples from artworks, which can confirm or disprove the piece’s origins. For instance, in 2007, a painting supposedly by Jackson Pollock was discovered to be a forgery when chemical analysis revealed the presence of pigments that weren’t available until decades after his death (Custer, 2007).

Furthermore, many artists had personal preferences and favored certain pigments over others. Thus, knowing which pigments were used, and whether they were in character for the artist or not, can help art historians determine an art piece’s authenticity.

The Forbes Pigment Collection, which boasts more than 60 natural samples, also highlights one of the challenges with natural pigments. Natural pigments were gathered from nature, for example, ore deposits, minerals, and flowers. But tiny shifts in chemical composition or particle growth cause specific shades to vary significantly due to impurities present in the sample.

Analyzing and understanding the high performance pigment used in paintings is also vital to artwork restoration and preservation. Many pigments chemically, like coating and paints, react with ambient light and humidity, as well as harsher substances like soot and smoke from cigars or fireplaces. Pigments may oxidize, dissolve in acid or water, undergo phase transitions, react with the binders in the paint, or degrade.

For example, eosin Y was a pigment historically favored by many artists, most notably Vincent van Gogh. Initially a vibrant red, exposure to light gradually turns eosin white as UV radiation excites the pigment molecules and leads to the production of OH radicals. This breaks down the structure of the pigment, and eventually turns it white. Knowing such information allows art historians to better conserve art.

[memynissanandi]

All About The Nissan Micra

The current 2021 Nissan Micra is perfect if you’re looking for an injection of excitement in your life.

The fifth generation of Nissan’s iconic Micra represents a significant progression in design and will revitalise the small car segment in South Africa.

Nissan put customers at the heart of the development of the Nissan Micra with extensive focus groups and clinics to create a no-compromise package that answers the needs of small car buyers.

With a bold exterior design and an interior that is both contemporary and premium, the current Micra is perfect if you’re looking for an injection of excitement in your life.

Nissan’s contender in the Lower B hatchback segment, the Micra Active, will continue to be sold alongside the 2021 Micra, which will make its mark in the Upper B hatchback segment.

In South Africa, the Upper B hatchback segment represents approximately 15% of the passenger vehicle market, making it one of the most popular segments in the country.

The new Nissan Micra has dynamic hatchback proportions, and with an overall length of 3,999 mm, it’s placed right at the core of the B-hatchback segment.

Featuring a sculpted body with strong and sharp character lines visible from every angle, the car delivers an athletic feeling that’s hard to ignore.

From the front, the shortened bonnet design and reduced A-pillar angle create a poised silhouette.

The narrow headlamps stretch through the front wings and include signature LED daytime running lights on every trim level.

Halogen headlamps are standard on all grades. The lights frame Nissan’s familiar “V-motion” grille, reinterpreted to complete the new Micra’s bold front-end design.

Below the car’s sloping roofline is the expressive character which runs the entire length of the new Micra’s body, dipping dramatically as it passes over the front door and sweeping upwards towards the rear.

The black B and C-pillars create a floating roof effect, while the C-pillar is home to the discrete door handles which provide access for rear passengers.

At the rear are the striking new boomerang-shaped light clusters.

Below them is the sculpted bumper which features a carbon-look finish as standard and hides the car’s exhaust pipe.

Above is the sports-style rear roof spoiler, also standard to enhance aerodynamic performance. Together, these features create a recognisable motif for the back of the car.

The expressive exterior design moves the Micra in a daring new direction with a high-quality cabin that boasts two-tone soft-touch materials as standard across the range.

Thanks to outstanding packaging, the five-door-only body shell boasts best-in-class ergonomics for front-seat occupants, with no compromise to rear passenger space.

The cabin is based around a T-shaped “gliding wing” dashboard, with simple structures that create excellent space for the driver and front passenger. The instruments and controls have been grouped together for comfort, convenience and safety.

Outstanding ergonomics was another development target on the new Micra – a target that was achieved. The car sets new standards in the B-hatchback segment thanks to its smart packaging.

A rake/reach-adjustable steering wheel is standard, while the lowered seating position for driver and front passenger means there’s exceptional headroom for taller occupants.

Coupled with fore/aft driver’s seat adjustment, it means a driver who is 2.03 metres tall can fit comfortably behind the steering wheel.

Special attention was given to the design of the front seats in order to provide continuous back support, helping to decrease driver fatigue on long journeys. The car’s width means enhanced elbow space for rear passengers, who also benefit from excellent shoulder and knee room.

Boot capacity is a very competitive 300 litres and delivered without compromising on rear passenger knee room. That figure expands to 1,004 litres when the 60:40 split rear seats are folded down.

Smart storage options are everywhere in the new Micra’s cabin, with location, capacity and design all optimised to ensure maximum convenience for occupants. Larger items can be placed in the centre console ahead of the gear selector. It offers flat storage for a phone, and includes ambient lighting plus USB and 12v sockets.

Customers’ desires to express their own personalities and design tastes through the new Micra will be another part of its appeal. The car will be available with a wide range of personalisation options, modifying the exterior and interior with premium components in a variety of stylish and contemporary colours.

The new Nissan Micra is equipped with a wide range of technologies designed to enhance the car’s comfort, convenience and safety performance. Many of them are standard across the range, while others are available from specific grades.

There are three specification levels available – the Visia, the Acenta and the Acenta Plus. The Visia comes standard with 15-inch steel wheels, daytime running lights, front power windows, a manual aircon, a Bluetooth and MP3 compatible audio system, cruise control, automatic headlights, six airbags and much more.

The Acenta adds 16-inch alloy wheels, front fog lights among other features while the Acenta Plus has 17-inch alloy wheels, a leather steering wheel and an Energy Orange interior.

The 7-inch touch-screen colour display on the Acenta and Acenta Plus allows the driver to access features such as music, messages and maps through Apple CarPlay in addition to the MP3, USB and Bluetooth in the Visia model.

When an iPhone is connected via an Apple lightning cable, it offers users Siri voice control, Apple maps with turn-by-turn navigation, access to music, telephone services and other apps such as Audiobooks and Spotify.

Complementing the audio unit is the advanced driver-assist display, located in the speedometer display. Positioned to minimise “eyes off the road” time, it uses a high-definition 5-inch Thin Film Transistor colour display to provide the driver with key information about the car and journey. It’s based on technology that Nissan developed for the Qashqai and X-Trail crossovers and is controlled using dedicated steering wheel buttons.

Every new Micra comes with six airbags as standard, plus seat belt warnings and seat belt height adjustment for the front and rear. Isofix child seats are standard in the new Micra, including in the front passenger seat. Electronic safety systems include Vehicle Dynamic Control, Anti-locking Braking System, Electronic Brakeforce Distribution and Hill Start Assist.

The new Nissan Micra is a fantastic car to drive, with a dynamic performance that strikes the perfect balance between agility, excitement and the secure feeling that comes with confident and predictable handling.

There is one engine available at launch– the 66kW, 140Nm Turbo-charged petrol engine which delivers both driving pleasure and outstanding practicality.

Whether it’s darting through traffic in the city or out on the open road, the new Nissan Micra is an exceptional car to drive. It’s the perfect blend for today’s Upper B-hatchback customer. But it’s not just great to look at and drive; the new Micra has a best-in-class drag coefficient of just 0.3cd, to maximise fuel efficiency.

The new Micra has been built on Nissan’s existing V-platform and has been significantly enhanced to deliver new levels of performance.

The new Micra provides exceptional stability and reduced body roll through corners thanks to its high body stiffness and advanced suspension.

In addition, the low driving position promoted by the excellent ergonomics of the interior reduces the centre of gravity, further enhancing the secure driving feel.

Responsive and accurate steering comes from a new brushless electric power unit and provides a high degree of manoeuvrability.

The Micra also benefits from a remarkably quiet cabin, promoting a comfortable and more relaxing experience for the driver.

It’s due to the enhanced noise isolation technology engineered into the car and is particularly noticeable during high-speed driving.

It’s designed to allow the driver to hear the engine response, but stay isolated from other noises, such as those generated by the tyres on the road.

Nissan has an extensive accessory personalisation offering for the new Micra, with features and colours designed to enhance the car’s already expressive exterior and uplifting interior.

In 2019, the range will be expanded with the inclusion of additional derivatives starting with the 1.0 Spec and prices will be confirmed next year.

If you’re a confident, independent thinker with a sophisticated sense of style, the all-new Micra is made for you. If you’re eager to achieve more in life, you know how to multi-task, and you have a busy social and professional life, you need a car that measures up to you and the Micra is that car.

And, of course, the Micra provides peace of mind motoring and comes with a comprehensive aftersales offering together with hassle-free motoring.

As with all other Nissan vehicles, the Nissan Micra is covered by Nissan Assured and comes with a 6-year/150,000km warranty; a 3-year/90,000km service plan; and 24/7 roadside assistance.

Article from https://citizen.co.za/motoring/

[atomicdinosaurdonut]

Global Automotive Gear Shift System Market Might Grow at 6.56% CAGR Between 2021 and 2023   | Key Findings, COVID – 19 Impact Analysis, Business Trends, Industry Segments, Regional Study, Emerging Technologies and Future Prospects 2023

Automotive gear shift system is defined as a metal lever that is attached to the shift assembly framework and used to change gears. Gear shift systems can accelerate and decelerate the vehicle. The new research report about the global automotive gear shift system market published by Market Research Future (MRFR) predicts the market revenue to rise at 6.56% CAGR between 2021 and 2023.

The leading factors enhancing the global automotive gear shift system market growth include stringent government regulations regarding vehicle safety (and road safety), increase in demand for the fuel-efficient gear system, and increase in the sales of vehicles. The fourth factor highlighting market growth is the advancement of technologies. Increasing use of electronic gear shift system instead of manual gear shift system is changing the driving experience and making driving simple. Other factors backing the market growth include research and development (R&D) for better automotive gear shift systems, growth of the automotive industry, and the introduction of electric vehicles.

However, the high cost of raw materials can stop the market in its tracks.

Market Segmentation

The global automotive gear shift system market segmentation covers application, fuel system, and type. MRFR is analyzing the features of these segments to understand market trends.

The application-based segmentation of this market covers passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, and heavy commercial vehicles.

Based on the fuel system, the market has been segmented into diesel, gasoline, and petrol. By type, the market has been segmented into the automatic system and manual system.

Regional Segmentation

The regional segmentation of the global automotive gear shift system market covers Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, and Rest of the World (RoW).

During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific region can dominate the global market due to rising demand for passenger vehicles, increasing disposable income, and increased sales of vehicles in countries like China, India, Japan. Growing demand for the advanced fuel-efficient components is also contributing to the market growth. During the forecast period, China can be the biggest country-specific market due to the ease of doing business, increased industrialization, and low labor cost. Other countries of the Asia Pacific region are also contributing significant revenue to the market.

Europe is the second-largest regional market due to the presence of key market players, technological advancement, high disposable income, and a high density of population. The esteemed country-specific markets in this region are France, Germany, Italy, and the U.K. Other countries in Europe also generate sizable revenue.

In North America, the market is stable due to technological advancement and established automotive sector. The U.S. and Canada are the biggest country-specific markets due to the high disposable income of people living in these countries.

Key Players

Major players in the global automotive gear shift system market include Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. (Japan), Allison Transmission (USA), BorgWarner Inc. (USA), Continental AG (Germany), Eaton Corporation PLC (Republic of Ireland), GKN PLC (UK), Magna PT (Germany), JATCO Ltd. (Japan), Magna International Inc. (Canada), and ZF Friedrichshafen AG (Germany).

Latest Industry News

·         ZF Friedrichshafen AG is launching a two-speed drive for electric cars that combines a shift element, newly developed electric motor with 140 kW maximum output, and power electronics. The transmission can increase not just efficiency, but also the range of electric cars. 17 JUL 2019

·         On the day of its 100th anniversary, Wen Bentley unveiled EXP 100 GT concept at its headquarters in Crewe, England. 17 JUL 2019

·         Mercedes-AMG has launched two compact cars. These are new CLA 45 4MATIC + Shooting Brake and CLA 45 S 4MATIC+ Shooting Brake. Both cars have more advanced and safe gear shift system. The 8-speed AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT 8G dual-clutch transmission makes the cars more agile. The configured gear ratios help the driver to experience spontaneous acceleration in all speed ranges. The two-stage fuel injection can optimize performance. 17 JUL 2019

 Key Questions Addressed by the Report

What was the historic market size?

Which segmentation (Product/     Capacity) is driving market?

What will be the growth rate?

How are the key players in this     market?

What are the strategies adopted by     key players?

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

 2 SCOPE OF THE REPORT

2.1 MARKET DEFINITION

2.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

2.2.1 DEFINITION

2.2.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

2.2.3 ASSUMPTIONS

2.2.4 LIMITATIONS

2.3 RESEARCH PROCESS

2.3.1 PRIMARY RESEARCH

2.3.2 SECONDARY RESEARCH

2.4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION

2.5 FORECAST MODEL

3 MARKET LANDSCAPE

3.1.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS

3.1.2 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS

3.1.3 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES

3.1.4 SEGMENT RIVALRY

3.1.5 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS

3.2 VALUE CHAIN/SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

4 MARKET DYNAMICS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 MARKET DRIVERS

4.3 MARKET RESTRAINTS

4.4 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

4.5 MARKET TRENDS

About Market Research Future:

At Market Research Future (MRFR), we enable our customers to unravel the complexity of various industries through our Cooked Research Report (CRR), Half-Cooked Research Reports (HCRR), Raw Research Reports (3R), Continuous-Feed Research (CFR), and Market Research & Consulting Edibles.

MRFR team have supreme objective to provide the optimum quality market research and intelligence services to our clients. Our market research studies by products, services, technologies, applications, end users, and market players for global, regional, and country level market segments, enable our clients to see more, know more, and do more, which help to answer all their most important questions.

Media Contact Company Name: Market Research Future Contact Person: Abhishek Sawant Email: Send Email Phone: +1 646 845 9312 Address:Market Research Future Office No. 528, Amanora Chambers Magarpatta Road, Hadapsar City: Pune State: Maharashtra Country: India Website: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com

 Browse Complete Report - https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/automotive-gear-shift-system-market-6173

  Get a FREE Report Sample -  https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/6173

[cashforjunkcarsus-blog]

Car Repair - Some Basic Guidelines

Generally a car undergoes some sort of repair quite a number of times during its life. So what do you do when something happens to your car? Either you try to set things right yourself or you get an expert or a car mechanic to look at it for you and do the needful. Now if you want someone to see what is wrong with your car you have to find a good mechanic or better still look for a reputed workshop where you can trust your car to be repaired well. Looking for a quality workshop is not really easy considering that car repair workshops are a dime a dozen. But all the same there are many trustworthy and honest people who will do a wonderful job for you.

Depending on what is wrong with your car ask around for a mechanic or repair shop that can cater to your requirements. It would be ideal if the people concerned are ones who have a pick up and drop off facility so that in case your car has to be towed to the workshop they will undertake that too. Get them to give you an estimate of the problems that your car has and also to quote their charges. Remember to enquire about their turnaround time too.

The best way to look for quality car repair shops is to search the internet because most of the successful repair workshops have websites and a strong internet presence. There are plenty of workshops in Orlando to get your car set right, so look up the websites for Orlando car repair services and you are certain to come across some really excellent ones.

Having to pay for car repair work can be pretty expensive, so it would be sensible to take auto insurance. Ensure that you maintain your automobile well by changing the oil, oil filter, tuning up of the engine as and when required etc. Prevention is better than cure and this is applicable to your automobile too. The better your car is maintained the less will be the repair it incurs and the lower your repair bills.

Cars have been steadily becoming more and more specialist, and more and more complex in the last decade. With the advent of electric motor technologies, with computer controlled systems and electronic fuel injection, the cars of today are nothing like the FJ Holden your Dad could be found underneath every Saturday morning! The range of vehicles that can safely have minor car repairs performed on them by amateurs is shrinking. Here we look at eight signs that you should take your car to a shop, and save yourself the hassle and possible expense of breaking something extra.

1. Your car is less than ten years old

Cars newer than ten years old usually have quite advanced systems integration. Even car repairs like changing a battery or a fuse, replacing brake pads and doing common car service tasks can actually cause other components of the system to fail if the correct procedures aren't followed.

2. The car repair you're considering isn't in your new car handbook

If the manufacturer isn't telling you to do it yourself, it is probably safest not to. If you're in doubt, why not call a mobile mechanic to have a look at the job first? They'll be able to advise you on safety points to remember, if its likely that you'll need to make the fix again in the future. You can make sure that you won't have to spend more having the mechanic fix your work as well as the original problem, and possibly save money in the future.

3. The repair requires something to be lifted out of the car

Block and tackle safety is a serious issue. Any time you lift something heavy out of your car into the air, you're risking the other parts of your car as well as your own body. We always advise that you have professionals perform this sort of work.

4. The car repair requires tools you don't have

Contrary to Clint Eastwood's belief, not every car repair job can be done with a shifter and sticky tape. If you don't have the tools to do a repair job yourself, the cost in buying them often outweighs the savings you could make on labour.

5. Your car has electronic fuel injection

If your car has electronic fuel injection (and in many cases, this is stamped in big letters right on the head, or along with the model name somewhere on the body), it is not safe to work on it by yourself. Even repairs that aren't related to the timing could throw the computer out, and then cost you more to fix at the mechanic's than it would have originally.

6. You aren't 100% confident of your diagnosis

If you have even the shadow of a doubt about what exactly is causing a specific problem, you shouldn't work on it. Even experienced mechanics have often found that the complexities of the petrol engine and drive train have tricked them ... when they were 100% confident. If as an amateur you aren't confident, it makes much more sense to take it to someone that can be.

Mobile mechanics will often provide fixed quote prices - so even if they make one of these mistakes, they are still bound to honour the price they gave you before beginning work.

7. You haven't done the repair yourself before

Online forums and guides are certainly handy, but there is a reason that automotive mechanic apprenticeships last for a long four years! A wealth of hands-on experience in what to do when things go slightly wrong, if a bolt is too tight or another part is blocking your way, and the order in which to complete tasks, belongs to qualified mechanics. There simply isn't enough space on the net to explain all this is a forum.

8. The time it will take you to perform the repair is more valuable to you spent doing other things

It may take a qualified car repair-person 1 hour to replace your brake pads and check over the braking system. It might take you 3 hours without the proper tools, knowledge of sensors etc. Sure, you didn't pay for those hours - but unless you truly enjoy working on and learning about cars, you are prepared to deal with any mistakes you might make and are performing only repairs that are non safety-critical on an old car - in most cases they aren't worth it.

[lovelyfantasticfart]

The 2018 Volvo S90 T8 Is four hundred Horsepower Of Hybrid Opulence

The 2011 BMW X6's turning circle is 42.Zero ft.. We snagged the keys to a 2011 Acura TSX Sports activities Wagon to find out. I really am struggling to search out the phrases that may accurately describe driving or riding within the W140 because it is simply not comparable to another automobile. Within the Euro NCAP side impression take a look at, wherein a pole strikes the side of the vehicle lifeless- heart at 32 km/h (20 mph), the carbon fiber composite additionally demonstrates its extraordinary vitality-absorbing capability. The trigger is a cup plug that turns into free within the inside CV hub that goes into the drives side of the transmission- this is simply a problem on the drivers side. At Dinan, we鈥檝e engineered plenty of performance upgrades for the BMW X3. Good instances at Volvo with its newest XC70, a mannequin a bit lighter, just a little lighter, a bit bolder, the automotive's whole environmental efficiency. 2007 Volvo XC90 V8 displayed Power System Service Urgent message..Kupiem s.Four 2005r i wywietla si bd Power SYSTEM SERVICE Urgent. The dashboard design, TFT instrument cluster, bladelike air vents, and vertically oriented touchscreen all do a convincing impression of the trendy XC90. Trim components weren't often included into the sober visual design, nonetheless, and functionality continued to dominate.

However to be trustworthy, BMW doesn鈥檛 have much to fix other than a contemporary design inside and outside and new know-how. BMW X3 2004-up three Equipment Meeting - ISO DIN head unit provision 5 All accessories, switches, and particularly air bag indicator lights must be aftermarket radio using the hardware provided with the radio. SPECDTUNING Installation VIDEO: HONDA S2000 CATBACK EXHAUST SOUND Spec The SPECDTUNING warehouse is the biggest in Southern California carrying an array of aftermarket merchandise. Browse and browse Jeep Aftermarket Parts. The Honda CR-V is a compact crossover manufactured by Honda since 1995. It makes use of the Honda Civic platform. At present we鈥檙e going to assist by comparing two of your choices, the 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS 450 and the 2017 Audi Q7. The EPA mileage estimate for the 2014 Audi RS-5 is 16 mpg in town, 23 mpg on the freeway. This can be a hybrid sedan that comes with both electric in addition to a petrol engine. They seem to be more than confident that there isn't any method that gasoline cars can oust the electric automobiles this time round.

I have to open the iPod box each time and it is simply not very convenient. However I all the time swore that when the engine gave up I鈥檇 replace it with something better. That permits better traction, the adjustability of the automobile is improved, and understeer coming out of corners is dialled out to spectacular effect. Full guarantee in effect till december 2018 or 50k miles. Have you learnt precisely what full protection auto insurance coverage entails? So, whenever you head to purchase a watch, test the illuminator of Omega watches to know whether the watch in your wrist is original or not. Take a look at what P.enger Volume, one hundred and one cu.ft. On the exterior, the Land Rover Freelander 2 is an out and out looker. Evolutionary styling does not stand out in a crowded class; no V8 engine option at launch. This 12 months, the S90 T8 plug-in hybrid lastly arrives with a 10.Eight kwh lithium-ion battery paired to the T6鈥檚 engine.

Different news for the S90 is the arrival of the T5 drivetrain in Canada. In addition, they are utilizing finest chemicals to ship the effective outcomes. The adaptive damping system Ads II is a fully automated, electronically controlled system, which adapts the damping power at every wheel to swimsuit altering necessities using a skyhook algorithm. It's designed for direct bolt-on and is 100% compatible with the remainder of the catback exhaust system, no mod or weld is required throughout the installation. New ways of selling your products are always being created. From easy to extra difficult, find ways to vary the appearance of your RC. The 7-inch touch display is small in comparison with what you鈥檒l find in rivals just like the 2017 Tesla Mannequin X and 2017 Volvo XC90. Find something I switched from headlights on to daylight driving lights on. Here he mentioned idea of repainting the car psychedelic.

The "Omega" emblem is carved at the 12 o'clock place that expresses the untouched leaps of the brand. Auto Restore Professional The Least Costly Automobiles of 2016. By Aaron Gold. By the 1970 model yr greater than half of the cars built in the United States had air-conditioning put in. What this chart suggests is that the extra affluent one is, the extra enterprise possession represents part of the full wealth equation. Safety features embody steering help, lane keep help, lane change help, cross site visitors warning, and mistaken-manner warning. Niles is a hidden gem southeast of San Francisco where two main historical events occurred. The R8's cabin feels much wider and, except for a lifeless pedal that was too shut for my taste, the layout is close to-excellent, with easy-to-decipher controls and displays proper the place you would count on them. A minute dose is injected into the system upstream of the DeNOx converter.

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[carpostnet]

Company Fitted CNG vs Aftermarket CNG

CNG vehicles have grow to be immensely common these days. Considering the rising gasoline costs, we’ve seen a shift in shopper preferences. CNG vehicles are doing nice available in the market contemplating the good effectivity they ship. CNG vehicles are fuel-efficient and due to this fact, show to be extraordinarily reasonably priced. In this text, we’ll put the manufacturing unit fitted CNG towards the aftermarket CNG fitment and can come to a conclusion after contemplating all of the facets. Make certain you don’t skip any level!

Before diving straight into the competitors, let’s reply a popularly requested query

How many forms of CNG kits are there?

There are primarily 2 forms of CNG kits

Venturi CNG Kit

Venturi CNG Kit Setup | Minda

Digging deep, we are able to say that the venturi CNG equipment is the easy model of the bi-fuel system which doesn’t use any sensors and even the ECU! This system dumps a certain quantity of gasoline into the consumption manifold which is utilized by the engine. The quantity of gasoline dumped into the manifold completely relies upon upon the throttle enter.

Sequential CNG Kit

This is the trendy CNG system. The sequential CNG equipment has bought all the trendy age sensors and the ECU. The gasoline injectors are coupled with the already present gasoline injectors within the consumption manifold. Gas movement is monitored and adjusted electronically by a separate ECU for CNG, similar to how the petrol ECU controls petrol movement.

Tomasetto Achille Sequential CNG Kit Components

You have to learn additional to get to the actual speak of firm fitted CNG vs aftermarket CNG that’s put in within the vehicles.

Whoa! Maruti Suzuki S-Presso CNG BS6 In Development

What is the distinction between regular CNG equipment and sequential CNG equipment?

This can be a popularly requested query. We’ve found out the distinction between a standard CNG equipment and a sequential CNG equipment. Read on to seek out out!

The principal distinction between the 2 kits is the supply of the sensors and the ECU.

The quantity of CNG flowing into your engine is managed by the ECU which supplies an edge to the sequential system over the venturi CNG equipment. 

A standard CNG equipment is a primary setup the place there isn’t a laptop or ECU to regulate the movement of gasoline into the engine.

A Sequential CNG equipment, however, will be put in on the autos having an electronically managed gasoline injection system solely.

Is CNG dangerous for engines?

Absolutely not! CNG is by no means dangerous to your car’s engine. CNG lets you run your car at a a lot economical worth. Major manufacturers in India like Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai are offering firm fitted CNG of their vehicles. We have additionally seen from the sale stats that the corporate fitted CNG vehicles are offered in a lot increased numbers than the petrol or diesel vehicles. Yes, the preferences have shifted. The app-based cab services have given the CNG vehicles a significant push.

Not solely Maruti Suzuki or Hyundai, however Honda has additionally provide you with a factory-fitted model of their largest promoting mannequin, the City. All the automakers incorporating the bi-fuel know-how is a transparent indication that CNG is by no means dangerous to your car’s engine!

Know this! CNG Car Maintenance: Top Tips You Really Need To Know

Is company-fitted CNG higher? Company fitted CNG vs Aftermarket CNG!

This is the preferred query among the many plenty who’re about to purchase a brand new car and on the lookout for CNG as a gasoline choice. Maruti Suzuki at the moment markets its CNG by the identify of S-CNG! They declare that this method is a smart-CNG system that may make your car run easily and steadily.

Here we’ve a video for you. This video has in contrast Maruti Suzuki’s S-CNG to an aftermarket sequential CNG equipment. Make certain you watch it until the top for the detailed comparability.

So we see that Maruti’s S-CNG is nothing however a standard CNG equipment. Maruti Suzuki sources these readymade kits from a producer and suits them of their lineup. If you go for a sequential equipment in your car which has an electronically managed injection system, you’ll expertise the identical efficiency as you’ll do in case of the corporate fitted CNG car. 

Further, if we speak in regards to the prices, the identical car mannequin with an organization fitted CNG choice comes at a worth that’s Rs. 60-70,000 greater than its petrol counterpart. On the opposite hand, the aftermarket sequential CNG kits price about INR 40-50,000. The solely dangerous half about aftermarket CNG is that your car’s guarantee will get void as quickly as you put in the CNG equipment. Yes, that is the last word weapon which the producer may use and so they have, in fact, do it!

Does CNG enhance mileage?

CNG will increase the effectivity of the car. We can count on 1kg of CNG to ship 40% greater than what 1 Litre of petrol does.CNG undoubtedly will increase the mileage of your car and can be cheaper than petrol so that you don’t must bear the heavy bills too!

Is CNG Dangerous?

Another query that most individuals ask about CNG is about security. Just to let you realize, CNG is completely protected! The burning temperature for CNG is about 649 levels Celsius. On the opposite hand, petrol burns at 315 levels Celsius. Yes, shocking however true! Petrol burns at a temperature that’s half as in comparison with the burning temperature of CNG. So in case, there’s a leakage within the gasoline passage, petrol vehicles are extra harmful than these working on CNG!

Is CNG car price shopping for?

Definitely sure! If you’ve got a every day working of 70-80 km which is kind of frequent these days, then CNG is the gasoline it is best to go for. 

Spending the vast majority of your revenue on gasoline is just not a clever choice clearly.

Moreover, CNG can be useful for the surroundings. It is a inexperienced gasoline that doesn’t have an effect on the surroundings in any method. So if you happen to discover going electrical as an costly various, you possibly can undoubtedly go CNG!

If the conflict of firm fitted CNG vs aftermarket CNG has nonetheless bought you in bother, you are able to do your a part of analysis on-line earlier than deciding.

Read Toyota Working On CNG Cars?

Company fitted CNG vs aftermarket CNG, the competitors lies nowhere as a result of each of them are equally good choices offered you go for a acknowledged model. All the acknowledged CNG producers like Lovato, Tomasetto Achille, BRC present guarantee on their CNG kits. You can avail of the guarantee and proceed to make use of CNG kits with none trouble. Though many individuals nonetheless belief firm fitted CNG solely however simply to let you realize, the aftermarket CNG can be gaining reputation very quick attributable to its extremely aggressive worth and equally viable advantages.

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[latestanalysis]

Global Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) System Market Trend , Growth Opportunity, Business Strategy and Application Forecast till 2027

Global Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) System Market

Gasoline direct injection system (GDI) is also referred as petrol direct injection or spark ignited direct injection installed in two-stroke & four-stroke engines. This system directly injects the fuel in the combustion chamber of the engine. The use of gasoline direct injection (GDI) system helps in increasing engine efficiency & output as well as to reduce exhaust emission due to this fact this system is widely used in vehicles which increase demand for the gasoline direct system direct injection (GDI) system market growth.

The increase in motorized mobility along with customer preferences for fuel efficient vehicles which is expected to boost the global gasoline direct injection (GDI) system growth over the forecast period. The increase in demand for reducing pollution levels associated with greenhouse gases & improving the air quality are fuelling the adoption of vehicles with advanced fuel injection systems will positively influence the market growth.

Request Sample Report @ https://qualiketresearch.com/request-sample/Gasoline-Direct-Injection-GDI-System-Market/request-sample

The GDI system market is anticipated to witness high growth during the forecast period due to advantages like improved engine performance & thermal efficiency coupled with significant reduction in fuel emission is expected to support the target market during this forecast period. The increase in inclination of manufacturers towards engine downsizing & vehicle efficiency will elevate the market growth. Passenger cars & commercial vehicles are the main adopters of this technology & collectively consume the revenue share of gasoline direct injection (GDI) system market growth.

High cost of GDI system as compared with port fuel injection which is expected to hamper the global gasoline direct injection (GDI) system market growth during this forecast timeline.

Market Segmentation

The Global Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) System Market is segmented into component such as Fuel injectors, Fuel Pumps, Sensors, Electronic Control Units, and Others. Further, market is segmented into vehicle type such as Passenger Cars, and Commercial Vehicles.

Also, the Global Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) System Market is segmented into five regions such as North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa.

Market key Players

Some key operating players are listed in this report such as Robert Bosch GmbH, Magneti Marelli S.p.A, Delphi Automotive LLP., Eaton, Continental AG, DENSO CORPORATION, Stanadyne LLC, Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd., Keihin Corporation, and TI Automotive, etc.

Market Taxonomy

By Component

· Fuel injectors

· Fuel Pumps

· Sensors

· Electronic Control Units

· Others

By Vehicle Type

· Passenger Cars

· Commercial Vehicles

By Region

· North America

· Latin America

· Europe

· Asia Pacific

· Middle East & Africa

Browse full Report @ https://qualiketresearch.com/reports-details/Gasoline-Direct-Injection-GDI-System-Market

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[watchilove]

In the days I was in Geneva for GPHG, Zenith lanch and many other events, I got the chance to meet with Pierre from Alpina Automobiles. He showed me the latest BMW Alpina B7, present in front of the Four Seasons Hotel des Bergues Geneva. This one and other several cars were on display in front of the hotel. For those interested in more, a drive test was possible, but I lack the time for fun. I had to resume for some pictures. The full specifications and the official Alpina B7 press release will be available at the end of the article.

BMW Alpina B7

Exterior elements that create the look of a beast

The Alpina B7 version of the BMW 7-series is a long-wheelbase all wheels drive from the Bavarian BMW. The aggressive look fits excellent the technical specifications under the bonnet – 4.4-litre V8 engine with Bi-Turbo.

The front look view with large BMW grill is adorned with nice redesigned bumper featuring the Alpina logo.

The front intakes are adorned with chrome elements, balancing the slim headlights.

Laser lights can achieve in certain conditions up to 600m reach of light. The output of the LED and Laser light is triggered by the road conditions, speed and environment. The car’s computers monitor continuously the ambient conditions and automobile’s state to bring on the street the highest amount of light possible.

The chromed details can be found on various parts of the car to create an elegant appearance.

Alpina equips the B7 with personalised Alpina hardware and software to bring a truly bespoke experience. Not only the exterior aspect is improved, but also various system like the state-of-the-art suspension and brakes are improved.

The back brings the same aggressive appearance. The steel tailpipes contribute to the powerful look.

Again, small chromed details enrich the B7 body. Below, a glimpse of the magical looking AMOLED backlights.

A bespoke interior with Alpina signature

The Alpina B7 interior can be bespoke to a quit high degree. A view of the interior from the driver seat can be seen in the video below. The video shows the driver perspective.

The Alpina B7 features the digital instrument display with a new ALPINA design. The central console follows the luxury lines of the interior.

The touch of luxury can be found in every detail of the Alpina B7.

The back seats respect all the rigours of a limousine. The seats can be fully adjusted and are fitted with a full multimedia experience.

The comfort is the name of the game: the back seats with generous legroom offer a comfortable ride.

The view from the back seats is excellent. Even the Alpina B7 central console is nice to see.

Some final words and the media gallery

BMW Alpina B7 is presented with an excellent package: exterior and interior. Alpina’s modifications to the 7-series are exquisite. All the new elements make sense. There is nothing just thrown in there.

The bespoke possibilities can satisfy any requirement (of course, not the ridiculous ones). The version seen at Geneva satisfied me from the aesthetical point a view. The next step will be to make a drive test: as a chauffeur but also as a back passenger.

BMW Alpina B7 Official Press Release

The all-new BMW ALPINA B7 – Power, Dynamics and Luxury in a new contemporary design.

Since 2016, the BMW ALPINA B7 has spearheaded the ALPINA model portfolio, impressing aficionados around the world with its exceptional performance and unsurpassed driving experience.

Having undergone comprehensive updates the BMW ALPINA B7 enters a new era in 2019 – sharp, luxurious and performant. With an enhanced drivetrain, thoroughly revised design as well as state-of-the-art driver assistance and connectivity systems, the new BMW ALPINA B7 is ready to please the most discerning customers.

Highlights • The stunning design of the new BMW ALPINA B7 strikes a balance between luxurious elegance and dynamic presence. Both the front, characterized by a demanding BMW kidney grill and subtle free-floating ALPINA lettering, and the rear, with polished stainless steel tailpipes and diffusor, underline the breathtaking performance potential of this luxury super saloon. ALPINA styling and aerodynamic elements and iconic wheels integrate seamlessly to create an elegant and exclusive appearance. • The latest generation 4.4-liter V8 engine with Bi-Turbo charging delivers 447 kW (608 hp) and 800 Nm (590 lb-ft) of torque. With a significant increase in power and torque at lower rpm and advanced transmission technology, the new BMW ALPINA B7 accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in just 3.6 seconds (previously 3.7 seconds) and can reach a maximum speed of 330 km/h (205 mph). • The chassis of the new BMW ALPINA B7 combines state-of-the-art suspension technologies with ALPINA specific hardware and software calibration to offer both outstanding ride comfort and superior driving dynamics. Electronically adjustable dampers, two-axle air suspension with automatic self-levelling, active roll stabilization and rear-axle steering deliver unmatched levels of accuracy and agility in the luxury super saloon segment. • Special ALPINA Sport+ Mode adjusts all vehicle, drivetrain and suspension settings to maximum dynamic performance and lowers the ride height by 15 mm (0.6”) at the touch of a button. • In the interior, discreet ALPINA details, finest materials and workmanship of the highest quality convey a particularly luxurious ambience. The ALPINA Manufactory and in-house leather workshop offer an almost limitless scope of individualised interior upholsteries made by master craftsmen using the world’s finest leather. • The advanced full-colour digital instrument display features an new ALPINA design with a classic or dynamic visualisation depending on the selected driving mode. It is networked to the latest connectivity and communication functions. • The extended scope of the new BMW ALPINA B7’s equipment includes state-of-the-art infotainment and navigation systems, extended comfort features and advanced safety systems like the Driving Assistant Professional, as standard. • Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are measured according to the new WLTP test procedures. The new BMW ALPINA B7 fulfils the latest Euro 6d emission standards and features petrol particulate filters that reduce the emissions to a minimum. Fuel consumption combined according to Regulation (EC) 715/2007 in its current version is 11.6 l/100 km with CO2 emissions of 265 g/km*. * Preliminary Data. Stated fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are measured pursuant to EU Regulation 715/2007 in its applicable version. For more information please see NEW TEST PROCEDURE (WLTP) at the end of this press information.

Smooth performance, explosive power delivery.

Besides its much lauded smoothness, the new BMW ALPINA B7 impresses with sharpened responsiveness and more dynamic power delivery over the entire rpm range. Continuous developments and detailed enhancements mean the combination of high torque output and a transmission with great dynamic capabilities results in further improved driving performance.

The latest generation 4.4-liter V8 engine with two twin-scroll turbochargers, petrol direct injection and Valvetronic, delivers 447 kW (608 hp) and 800 Nm (590 lb-ft) of torque.

Besides new 54 mm turbines on the turbocharges, the intercoolers now feature an interconnection which acts like an equaliser, reducing pressure pulsations between the two cylinder banks of the V8 engine. This together with a new engine management software means that the peak torque of 800 Nm (590 lb-ft), an increase of 20 %, is now available at only 2000 rpm and all the way up to 5000 rpm. This leads to significantly improved throttle response, more engaging power delivery and an effective performance gain in the most relevant rpm range.

The new BMW ALPINA B7 now accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in just 3.6 seconds (previously 3.7 seconds) and can reach a maximum speed of 330 km/h (205 mph).

All components of the ALPINA high-performance cooling system are designed to remove inefficiencies and maximize effectiveness – special high-volume coolers are interconnected by large diameter hosing for maximum throughput. The ALPINA specific intercoolers comprise an indirect air / water / air set-up to facilitate short air intake paths. Combined with additional external water coolers and a transmission oil cooler, the system ensures the thermodynamic stability of the V8 Bi-Turbo engine at all times, even under highest loads and ambient air temperatures.

The BMW ALPINA B7 features the latest generation 8-Speed Sport Automatic Transmission from ZF (8HP76) with ALPINA SWITCH-TRONIC. The transmission software has been thoroughly reworked by ALPINA and adapted specifically to the performance characteristics of the new engine, offering exceptional driving comfort and dynamic performance in all situations.

Close gear ratios and a total spread of 7.81:1 results in high level of shift comfort and efficiency. In Automatic Mode the combination of eight gears and high engine torque facilitate relaxed cruising at low engine rpm even when travelling at higher speeds. In Sport Mode the shift times have been further improved and are now considerably quicker and more energetic.

Transmission components such as the torque converter with lock-up clutch and the planetary wheel sets are reinforced and along with the inner transmission cooling are designed to specifically cope with the high torque output of the V8 Bi-Turbo engine. This means that no torque reduction is necessary during upshifts which makes for impressive longitudinal dynamics.

The stainless steel ALPINA sports exhaust system is responsible for a reduction in back pressure and weight. Active exhaust valves allow the driver to influence the sound experience by using the Driving Experience Control switch to select between Comfort and Sport Mode. In typical ALPINA fashion: the two twin tailpipes of the exhaust system are integrated elegantly and aesthetically into the rear apron.

ALPINA sport suspension offers sharp dynamics and unrivalled comfort.

The new BMW ALPINA B7 combines the latest suspension technology to offer exceptional ride comfort at any speeds as well as unrivalled agility and precision handling.

The two-axle air suspension system combined with Dynamic Damper Control and Active Comfort Drive with Road Preview guarantees the very highest level of driving comfort while the Active Roll Stabilization minimizes body roll during cornering. The rear-axle steering of the Integral Active Steering system gives the new BMW ALPINA B7 class-leading levels of dynamic performance and light-footed handling.

While the two-axle air suspension system with auto-levelling function is primarily responsible for the exceptional level of ride comfort, it also enables the ride height to be adjusted by a total of 35 mm (1.4”). At speeds above 230 km/h (140 mph) or when selecting Sport+ Mode the BMW ALPINA B7 automatically reduces its ride height by 15 mm (0.6”) for a lower centre of gravity, improved handling as a result of more negative camber and high-speed stability. When needed, the ride height can also be raised by 20 mm (0.8”) up to a speed of 30 km/h (20 mph) in order to increase ground clearance.

The settings of the Electronic Damper Control, which influences both rebound and compression, are also selected using the Driving Experience Control switch. A broad range of ALPINA damper set-ups are available ranging from Comfort+ Mode for effortless and relaxed cruising to ALPINA Sport+ Mode for maximum dynamic performance.

In conjunction with the high-performance drivetrain and all-wheel drive system, the Integral Active Steering offers a dynamic driving experience par excellence. It combines a variable ratio electric steering system at the front axle with active steering on the rear axle whereby the wheels can turn a maximum of 3 degrees. Specially calibrated to the ALPINA suspension and MICHELIN® performance tyres the rear axle steers opposed to the front axle at low speeds for increased agility and dynamic handling. Conversely at higher speeds the rear axle steers with the front axle for maximum directional stability.

The BMW ALPINA B7 is fitted with MICHELIN® Pilot Super Sport tyres measuring 255/40 ZR20 at the front and 295/35 ZR20 at the rear (EU-Tyre label: E/A / 71dB front, C/A / 73dB rear), mounted on 8.5 x 20” and 10 x 20” ALPINA CLASSIC wheels. Optional 21” ALPINA CLASSIC wheels feature a super minimalistic design – high-density and high-strength aluminium as a result of forging leads to a weight saving of more than 20 % of unsprung mass per wheel. The MICHELIN® Pilot Super Sport tyres are specifically designed to meet the demands of high-performance sports cars. They contribute directly to the precise steering feel of the BMW ALPINA B7 while foregoing run-flat technology in the interests of improved ride comfort.

A revised brake system, now utilising brake-by-wire technology, combines powerful stopping power with consistent brake pedal feedback. On the front axle 4-piston fixed callipers are paired with Ø 395 x 36 mm discs. On the rear axle floating callipers are now paired with larger Ø 398 x 28 mm discs.

BMW xDrive intelligent all-wheel-drive system with ALPINA calibration.

The all-wheel-drive system builds upon the technical potential of BMW’s xDrive system and its intelligent and dynamic distribution of drive power which continuously and fully variable distributes torque between the front and rear axle within milliseconds for maximum traction and control. The programming of the torque distribution control, which is interconnected with the Dynamic Stability Control and the engine management system, is performance-oriented and increases agility and driving dynamics markedly – especially under lateral acceleration – while maintaining balanced and neutral handling.

DESIGN

The design of the 7 Series, the quintessential BMW flagship saloon, has for generations been characterised by a progressive, sportive elegance. The iconic BMW kidney grill has grown significantly and dominates together with new headlights the powerful front end. The new modern and dynamic appearance of the ALPINA construction and aerodynamic elements accentuate the dynamic and visual presence of the new BMW ALPINA B7 and its performance character.

A new front apron with functional air intakes, free-floating ALPINA lettering and horizontal character lines works in conjunction with the rear spoiler in order to effectively reduce lift to almost zero at the front and rear axle for excellent high-speed stability.

The ALPINA stainless steel sports exhaust system features two elliptical twin tailpipes that are neatly integrated in the rear apron and give the rear a smooth, elegant look.

The exclusive paint finishes in ALPINA Blue metallic and ALPINA Green metallic are a hallmark feature reserved solely for BMW ALPINA automobiles. A wide range of other BMW and BMW Individual paint finishes are also available.

INTERIOR AND EQUIPMENT

An extensive range of standard equipment ensures maximum well-being and comfort for driver and passengers alike. High-end Nappa leather, multifunctional comfort seats, leather instrument panel, ceramic inserts on control elements and soft close doors come as standard. Features such as a full-colour head-up display, a rear view camera, and the latest BMW navigation and communication systems support effortless driving.

Additionally, the new BMW ALPINA B7 now comes with advanced driver assistance systems of the latest generation such as the Driving Assistant Professional. This offers even more active safety with a wealth of new functions including Active Lane Keeping and Steering and Traffic Jam assistance. These ease the driver’s workload in monotonous driving conditions especially when using Active Cruise Control with Speed Limit Info, and increase active safety significantly.

Subtle ALPINA detailing adds exclusivity and individual style to BMW ALPINA B7’s interior. Hand-finished using exceptionally high-quality LAVALINA leather, the sports steering wheel with blue and green stitching is captivating at the very first touch due to its luxurious feel.

Contemporary Piano lacquer or classic Myrtle Luxury Wood interior trim, door sills with blue illumination, ALPINA B7 model inscriptions and an individual production plaque are further examples of exclusive equipment features.

The advanced full-colour digital instrument display features a new ALPINA design with a classic or dynamic visualisation depending on the selected driving mode. It is networked to the latest connectivity and communication functions.

There are virtually no limits to our customers’ wishes when it comes to customising the design of their automobile. From paint finishes to interior trim finishers and upholstery colours – everything the extensive program of BMW and ALPINA equipment has to offer can be selected. A BMW ALPINA rarely leaves the ALPINA manufactory in Buchloe, Bavaria, without drawing on the customising potential available. The company‘s philosophy allows customers to create their very own personal interior which our expert upholsterers then craft by hand with consummate expertise.

BMW Alpina B7 Technical Specifications

Engine

Cylinders V8 90° Capacity (cc) 4395 Bore (mm) 89,0 Stroke (mm) 88,3 Compression ratio (:1) 10,5 Max output (kW (hp) / rpm) 447 (608) / 5500 – 6500 Max torque (Nm / 1/min) 800 / 2000 – 5000 Engine management BOSCH DME 8.8.T Fuel type 98-octane Emissions classification Euro 6d-ISC

Performance

Acceleration 0-100 km/h (s) 3,6 Top speed (km/h) 330

Fuel consumption *

Urban (l/100km) 15,9 Extra-urban (l/100km) 8,3 Combined (l/100km) 11,1 CO2 emissions combined (g/km) 253 CO2 efficiency F

Transmission

Type 8-Speed Sport-Automatic ZF 8HP76 SWITCH-TRONIC 1st 5,00 2nd 3,20 3rd 2,14 4th 1,72 5th 1,31 6th 1,00 7th 0,82 8th 0,64 Final drive ratio 2,81

Wheels and tyres

Standard wheels and tyres ALPINA CLASSIC 20″ Front 8,5 x 20 255/40 ZR20 Rear 10 x 20 295/35 ZR20

Dimensions

Length (mm) 5268 Width (mm) 1902 Height, unladen (mm) 1491 Wheelbase (mm) 3210 Track, front (mm) 1622 Track, rear (mm) 1619 Luggage capacity (l) 515 Fuel tank capacity (l) ca. 78

Weight

Unladen (EU) (kg) 2180 Max permissible (kg) 2775 Permitted load (kg) 670 Max axle load, front (kg) 1340 Max axle load, rear (kg) 1455

* Information on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions according to the applicable EU Directive VO (EU) 715/2007.

The disclosed fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are measured according to WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure) and converted to NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) for comparison purposes. Depending on your country, vehicle related taxes or other duties may be based on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data which differs from that shown here.

Further information on specific fuel consumption and specific CO2 emissions of new passenger cars is given in „Leitfaden über den Kraftstoffverbrauch, die CO2-Emissionen und den Stromverbrauch neuer Personenkraftwagen” which can be obtained free of charge at all points of sale and from the Deutsche Automobil Treuhand GmbH (DAT), Helmut-Hirth-Str. 1, 73760 Ostfildern-Scharnhausen.

BMW Alpina B7 – a short presentation In the days I was in Geneva for GPHG, Zenith lanch and many other events, I got the chance to meet with Pierre from…

[engineercity]

Новости сайта #ENGINEERING - 工程

New Post has been published on http://engineer.city/has-diesel-had-its-day-in-mining-machines/

Has diesel had its day in mining machines?

Diesel has been the fuel of choice for many mining applications for decades, but increasing environmental awareness and cost – both initial and life-cycle – have encouraged suppliers and OEMs to examine alternatives.

Engine manufacturer Yanmar is currently gearing up to produce two new liquefied petroleum gas engines, a 2.2 litre 45kW unit to be launched in 2020 and a 3.3 litre 63kW unit for 2021. Both were shown for the first time at bauma.

Yanmar’s Carlo Giudici says: “LPG is a good choice of fuel for mining applications because it is so clean, in particular with respect to particulate matter. This makes it good for enclosed areas.”

The brief for the design team was to concentrate its efforts on achieving the ideal stoichiometric combustion ratio. Giudici continues, “We examined the available mixer intake methods and decided we weren’t satisfied, so we designed a new system from scratch. It has improved economy by a tenth and allowed us to use a higher compression ratio to improve performance. In fact, both engines will outperform their equivalent diesel models even though they are EPA Tier 2, CARB Tier 4 and EU Stage V-compliant.”

Once the models are established in the marketplace the next step is to offer a bi-fuel option, so they can also run on petrol if that’s the customer preference or if no gas is available.

Caterpillar has also been diversifying its product offering to include a retrofit alternative gas option for the 785C Mining Truck. Launched in 2018, the dynamic gas blending (DGB) technology allows engines to run on both diesel and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Diesel fuel savings are reported to be as high as 40% (there is a pilot injection of diesel of 15-40% of the charge) with no loss of performance.  

From a drivetrain perspective, Cat is launching two new mining trucks, the 798 AC, with a 372 tonne payload and the 796 AC with a 326 tonne payload. Both feature electric drives coupled to conventional diesel engines. The latter is touted as a replacement for the 795 AC in regions where engine emissions are highly regulated.

The AC drive is a high voltage system (2,600V) and drivetrain software adjustments can tune the whole thing to a particular mine’s needs. The engine is the C175-16 in 2,610kW (3,500 hp) or 2,312kW (3,100 hp) tune, and all the associated components (engine, traction alternator, motors, inverter, grid and final drives) have been designed to be removed independently to ease maintenance.

Going underground

The company’s Underground Mining Group is currently testing a R1300G proof-of-concept battery electric LHD in a mine in Canada.

Before the electrics were installed, a full performance examination was undertaken, to set a benchmark. Then the old diesel engine was removed and the frame adapted to house the battery boxes and electric motors. The conventional drive shafts and axles were retained, and no efficient electro-hydraulics are present, allowing the battery to be worked to its fullest extent.

Mark Sprouls from Cat North America explains, “The programme is still progressing, so it’s premature to say much about it just yet. What we can say is that it’s providing much needed data that will be put to good use in prototype design in other machines.”

Sandvik sells three electric LHDs with payloads ranging from 3.5 to 14 tons, and is rapidly expanding this side of the business. Minna Pirkkanen, process excellence manager, Load and Haul, Sandvik Mining and Rock Technology, says: “As ore bodies close to the surface become depleted, mines are going deeper. The combustion of diesel fuel and oxygen produces a lot of heat that must be removed using ventilation and refrigeration systems – which poses challenges and increases costs. Today, customers are planning mines for the next decade and are asking about how to prepare for electrification as one solution for going deeper.”

“New solutions for more sustainable mining are required all the time, and these include the need to improve health, safety and environmental issues, such as reducing diesel emissions and noise. Additionally, there is a growing demand for loader and truck automation and connectivity. Customers are asking for increased safety, productivity and lower operating cost through use of automation.”

The company has just made a big purchase. Pirkkanen explains, “Our ambition is to lead the market for battery electric vehicle (BEV) solutions. Sandvik has just acquired Artisan Vehicle Systems, a manufacturer of battery-powered underground mining equipment based in, California, USA. Artisan’s core technology is battery packs, electric motors, power electronics, software and control systems. Last year we opened an advanced Battery Electrification Innovation and Development Centre in Finland. The recent acquisition of Artisan will strengthen our capability to develop BEV solutions for underground mining needs.”

Research is important at Sandvik. The product development process starts with input from customers, who drive the scoping of new products and upgrades. “Customers become part of the process,” confirms Pirkkanen. “To meet the needs that arise from the mining industry electrification requirements, we are further developing battery electric solutions for hard rock mining operations. To support the development of these solutions for mining houses’ needs, we host customer workshops and forums as an effective and successful means of collaboration; a concept with outstanding results in our development projects.”

One example of a participant is Goldcorp, which presented its Borden Lake project in the recent Canadian customer forum, at the world’s first all-electric underground mine in northern Ontario.

In range

Whether for consumer or industry, no conversation about electric vehicles can be complete without discussing range. Pirkkanen feels it’s important to consider the whole vehicle here: “The operating range of traditional electric loaders, equipped with a trailing cable is limited by the cable length. When loaders or trucks are equipped with Lithium ion batteries, it allows more flexibility. However, underground loaders and trucks are probably the most difficult products to replace the diesel engine as a power source, as considerable energy content and power is needed. Lithium ion batteries typically have 1% the energy content of diesel fuel per kilogramme. This means that you need to increase the efficiency of the driveline and hydraulics to maximise the operating range.

“Some customers are also considering traveling down a decline with a fully loaded truck or loader to take advantage of driveline regeneration where the electric motors use the kinetic energy from slowing the vehicle to charge the batteries. The vehicle then trams up the decline empty. This type of cycle minimises net energy consumption by extending the operating range of the battery.”

JCB’s electric first

Officially launched at February’s Executive Hire Show, the 19C-1E is JCB’s first electric excavator. Equipped with three lithium ion cells with a 312Ah (15kWh) storage capacity, a standard load-sensing hydraulic system and battery management system aim to wring the most work out of it between charges, which take from five to eight hours.

Alan Tolley, JCB Group Director of Engines, observes, “Electric machines do require a recharge period, so this has to be factored into the work pattern. However this is not usually a problem for the mini excavator category, but could be for other machine types that are used more in a continuous process mode.”

Looking forward, Tolley still feels diesel will remain crucial for the industry: “Electric will have a part to play but clean diesel technology will continue to power the vast majority of machines. When you compare electric to diesel, the latest Stage V JCB diesel engines have almost eradicated harmful emissions, with NOx down 97% and soot particulates down by 98% compared to 20 years ago. We have also reduced CO2 emissions by almost half by improving machine and engine efficiency. So with diesel, we are firmly on the road to zero.”

Volvo has electric ambitions too, with a brace of launches planned for 2020: a compact wheel loader and excavator. Alongside Telia and Ericsson, the company is also embarking on a research project in Eskilstuna, Sweden to establish the viability of using 5G to control autonomous vehicles. As well as a conventional wheel loader, further testing of the HX2 concept electric load carrier will take place. This follows on from the successful 10 week Electric Site project last year alongside Skanska at the Vikan Kross quarry, near Gothenburg, where 8 HX2s followed a GPS path transporting material from a primary mobile crusher up to a secondary static crusher.

The aim of the project was to break down each stage of mining transport and electrify it. Overall there was a 98% reduction in carbon emissions with a 70% reduction in energy cost. So although diesel isn’t done yet, it’s clear that there are alternatives out there and with ongoing improvements in battery management and solid state technology potentially on the horizon increasing interest in electric mining vehicles seems inevitable.

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Mining

[18] Technology

Source: engineerlive.com

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The new BMW 8 Series Coupe

The presentation of the new BMW 8 Series Coupe adds a brand new chapter to the Bavarian premium carmaker’s long history of sensational sports cars – and gets its current model offensive in the luxury segment off to a particularly dynamic start. The BMW 8 Series Coupe is a dream car boasting outstanding performance, emotion-stirring design, state-of-the-art luxury and exceptionally advanced equipment features when it comes to display and control technology, driver assistance and connectivity.

The primary development objective for the BMW 8 Series Coupe was thrilling driving dynamics. The body, powertrain and suspension were consistently honed to achieve the supreme agility, precision and poise expected of a top-class sports car. In the process, remarkably powerful engines were combined with the BMW xDrive intelligent all-wheel-drive system and BMW EfficientLightweight design measures. The new model came through its baptism of fire in the guise of the BMW M8 GTE at the FIA WEC endurance races and in the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship (IWSC) held in North America. The production car now makes it possible to experience outstandingly dynamic performance in an exceedingly luxurious setting.

Heading the model range is the BMW M850i xDrive Coupe (fuel consumption combined: 10.5 – 10.0 l/100 km; CO2 emissions combined: 240 – 228 g/km*), which is powered by a newly developed 390 kW V8 petrol engine.

The exterior design of the BMW 8 Series Coupe exudes a very modern form of sporting appeal, beautifully blended with an air of exclusiveness and sensual allure. The production model therefore lives up to all the expectations engendered by the BMW Concept 8 Series. Its unique aura is the result of a new styling language focusing on clarity, modernity and emotional engagement. The expressive surface design of the exterior bodyshell emphasises the dynamic character of the new BMW 8 Series Coupe with greater intensity than on any of the brand’s previous models. The expansive surfaces are structured using pared-down, crisp character lines. The car’s low-slung design, an elongated silhouette with a slim window graphic and a roofline flowing elegantly into the rear with distinctive “double-bubble” contouring, a long wheelbase and a wide track are the defining elements of the BMW 8 Series Coupe’s proportions. With exterior dimensions of 4,843 mm in length, 1,902 mm in width, 1,341 mm in height and a wheelbase of 2,822 mm, the two-door car adopts an extremely powerful stance on the road.

The sports car’s immense drive power is visualised to stunning effect by the elaborate, jutting design of the front apron, the large air intakes – which assume an even more imposing appearance on the BMW M850i xDrive Coupe and in conjunction with the M Sport package – and the precise contours of the bonnet. The low-down BMW kidney grille is hexagonal in shape, with its elements framed by a single-piece surround. The LED headlights are the slimmest of any BMW model to date. BMW Laserlight with variable road illumination and Selective Beam is optionally available.

Whilst the surfaces curve inwards on the far side of the front wheels, they flare outwards again in powerful fashion in the vicinity of the rear wheels. This combines with the strikingly tapered glasshouse to create a muscular shoulderline. At the rear, the interplay of horizontal and diagonal lines emphasises the car’s width and low centre of gravity. The LED taillights add to this effect by extending deep into the flanks.

Precise details optimise aerodynamics and weight.

An almost fully sealed underbody, active air flap control and Air Curtains including Air Breathers help to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the new BMW 8 Series Coupe’s streamlined body. Narrow exterior mirror bases also help smooth the airflow. On the BMW M850i xDrive Coupe, an additional front spoiler further minimises lift at the front axle at high speeds. The roof of the new BMW 8 Series Coupe takes a leaf from the book of traditional sports car design by featuring a central cutout that recalls the “double-bubble” styling of classic racing cars.

This distinctive contouring also graces the optional carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) roof, which is available for the first time on a series-production model from the core BMW brand and lowers the car’s centre of gravity even further. The air intake bars, exterior mirror caps, rear spoiler and rear diffuser of the optional Carbon package are likewise all made from CFRP.

Interior: sporty driving experience, relaxed and luxurious ambience.

The modern and minimalistic exterior design language is continued inside the new BMW 8 Series Coupe, creating a relaxingly luxurious ambience. At the same time, all lines point lengthways, automatically directing the gaze to the front and emphasising the focus on sporty driving. All control elements are clearly arranged. A concise surface design lets the high-quality materials really stand out. The use of trim finishers, for instance, is restricted to the sports car-style transition between the centre console and the instrument panel.

The newly developed sports seats are upholstered as standard in Vernasca leather. The fulled leather trim for the door shoulders and instrument panel         is also standard. Thanks to the low seating position of both rear seats, it has been possible to design the head restraints as an integral part of the backrests. The rear backrest can be split 50 : 50 as standard and folded down to increase the capacity of the 420-litre luggage compartment.

The luxurious character of the new BMW 8 Series Coupe can be further enhanced by a number of top-quality optional extras. The range includes the BMW Display Key, telephony with wireless charging, climate seats, the Bowers & Wilkins Diamond Surround Sound System, as well as glass applications for selected controls. Moreover, there is a choice of model-specific options from BMW Individual.

New V8 engine with incredible power delivery and acoustics.

A new V8 power unit is making its debut in the BMW M850i xDrive Coupe. The 4.4-litre engine with M Performance TwinPower Turbo technology serves up an intoxicating blend of prodigious power delivery and an equally impressive soundtrack, which is further enhanced by the flap-controlled sports exhaust system. The turbochargers located within the V-shaped space between the cylinder banks, the direct petrol injection system, the thermal shielding, the cooling circulation system, as well as the ignition and engine electronics are just some of the features that have been extensively redeveloped, along with the crankcase. To ensure both supreme performance characteristics and robustness, the new eight-cylinder engine was subject to an exhaustive programme of testing encompassing all potential load situations – from fatigue tests at idle speed to highly dynamic calibration drives on the Nürburgring’s Nordschleife circuit. Emissions performance has been optimised by the inclusion of a gasoline particulate filter and meets the Euro 6d-TEMP standard.

Thanks to a 50 kW increase in output with no impact on weight compared to the engine it replaces, the new V8 is now able to generate 390 kW, which is on tap between 5,500 and 6,000 rpm. Maximum torque of 750 Nm is available over a wide rev range from 1,800 to 4,600 rpm for prolonged forward thrust. The new BMW M850i xDrive Coupe accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in just 3.7 seconds.

Swift and precise power transfer: eight-speed Steptronic Sport transmission, BMW xDrive, electronically controlled differential lock.

The engine transfers power to a new, improved version of the eight-speed Steptronic Sport transmission, whose increased ratio spread, new transmission management and optimised hydraulic control produce sportier gear shifts while also enhancing its efficiency and smoothness. Shift paddles on the steering wheel are included as standard for manual gear selection.

The BMW xDrive intelligent all-wheel-drive system likewise operates more efficiently than ever before. With its rapid, precise and fully variable distribution of torque between the front and rear wheels, it maximises traction and handling stability even in highly dynamic driving situations. At the same time, the rear-biased set-up guarantees the sort of driving experience for which BMW sports cars are renowned. The electronically controlled rear differential lock fitted as standard on the BMW M850i xDrive Coupe gives the car an even sportier edge. The locking effect generated by an electric motor limits speed compensation between the inside and outside rear wheel when cornering, making it possible to power out of bends with eye-catching dynamic verve.

Chassis: perfect overall package for maximum performance.

The construction principle and tuning of the BMW 8 Series Coupe’s chassis are designed to harness the dynamic potential of its powertrain technology – and make best use of the car’s underlying concept to achieve maximum sports performance. Optimised weight, a low centre of gravity, well-balanced axle load distribution, ideal wheelbase length and a wide track, plus a rigid body structure and favourable aerodynamic properties provide all the right ingredients to this end. All standard and optional light-alloy wheels are fitted with mixed-size tyres, whose traction-enhancing effect was factored into the tuning of the chassis. Torsion struts on the double-wishbone front axle and a shear panel fitted to the five-link rear axle optimise stiffness and the chassis components’ connection to the body. The maximised camber settings on both axles, meanwhile, increase power transfer potential at high cornering speeds.

The standard equipment for the new BMW 8 Series Coupe includes the Adaptive M suspension with electronically controlled dampers. This allows the action of the springs and dampers to be regulated with great precision so that the driver receives no more than the necessary feedback on the road surface. Integral Active Steering is also standard; it reduces the turning circle when manoeuvring, increases agility and makes changing lanes or taking corners at high speeds even more effortless. The optional active roll stabilisation feature for the new BMW M850i xDrive Coupe endows the car with even sportier handling characteristics, as it enables particularly swift and accurate compensation of body roll during high-speed driving manoeuvres, thus improving agility and handling stability both when entering and exiting corners. The system has the additional effect of increasing comfort when driving in a straight line, by actively countering the vibrations triggered by unevenness on one side of the road with its electronic servomotors.

BMW M Performance model with specific equipment features.

The standard specification for the BMW M850i xDrive Coupe also includes exceptionally powerful M Sport brakes along with 20-inch M light-alloy wheels with high-performance tyres. This BMW M Performance model is also instantly recognisable by its exclusive exterior appointments in Cerium Grey, an M rear spoiler and illuminated door sills bearing the model name.

Wide choice of advanced driver assistance systems.

Numerous cutting-edge driver assistance systems are available to boost the comfort and safety of the new BMW 8 Series Coupe, in particular. The line-up includes Active Cruise Control with Stop & Go function, the Steering and lane control assistant, the Lane Change Warning and Lane Departure Warning systems, the Lane Keeping Assistant with side collision protection and evasion aid, BMW Night Vision, as well as the Crossing traffic warning, Priority warning and Wrong-way warning systems.

Besides steering, the Parking Assistant takes over the job of controlling the accelerator and brakes. The system also comprises the Reversing Assistant, which makes it possible to reverse easily for a distance of up to 80 metres by steering the vehicle back along the exact path it recently drove forwards.

The new BMW Operating System 7.0 display and control concept.

The inclusion of the BMW Operating System 7.0 display and control concept as standard on the new BMW 8 Series Coupe makes sure the driver is supplied with the right information at the right time. Customisable and personalised displays can be called up in both the instrument cluster and the 10.25-inch Control Display. A flat menu structure that has been optimised for touch control permits fast access to all settings and functions. The situation-based content includes visualising lateral acceleration during high-speed cornering. To enable multimodal interaction, the driver has a choice of using the buttons on the steering wheel, the iDrive Controller, the touch display, voice control or BMW gesture control. The BMW Live Cockpit Professional comes as standard and comprises a fully digital instrument cluster with a 12.3-inch display, in the centre of which a specific section of the navigation map can be shown, for example. Thanks to the consistent design of the graphics, it forms a harmonious display cluster together with the Control Display. The further improved BMW Head-Up Display can also be found on the list of standard equipment and features a larger projection area, new content and optimised graphics.

The BMW Connected personal mobility assistant is available for seamless connectivity between the vehicle and digital devices. The digital services available for use in the new BMW 8 Series Coupe include hazard warnings obtained from interconnectivity with other BMW vehicles, “over-the-air” software upgrading, the integration of Microsoft Office 365 and Skype for Business, as well as the BMW Digital Key, which allows customers to unlock the vehicle and start the engine using a smartphone.

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